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Judo in Canada
The Japanese martial art Judo has been practised in Canada for nearly a century. The first Judo dojo in Canada, ''Tai Iku Dojo'' (体育道場), was established in Vancouver in 1924 by Shigetaka "Steve" Sasaki. Sasaki and his students opened several branch schools in British Columbia up until 1940, when all dojos were shut down by the government and their Japanese members forced into internment camps due to fears that Japanese-Canadians would act against Canada on behalf of Japan during the Second World War. After the War was over, the government encouraged internees to relocate, and many of Sasaki's students went on to establish their own dojos across Canada.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www3.telus.net/aubcom/VJC.HTM#history_judo_in_canada )〕
The Canadian Kodokan Black Belt Association was incorporated in 1956 and recognized by the International Judo Federation in 1958. Now known as Judo Canada, it is the national governing body and a federation of associations in each of the ten provinces and three territories. Today, an estimated 30,000 Canadians participate in Judo programs in approximately 400 clubs across Canada.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.judocanada.org/what-is-judo/the-history-of-judo )〕
==Ranking==
(詳細はkyū'' and ''dan'' grades that its founder, Jigoro Kano, adapted from the ranking system for the traditional board game Go. ''Kyū'' grades are for students ranked below black belt (collectively referred to as ''mudansha'', or 'ones without dan'), and ''dan'' grades are for judoka who have a black belt (collectively referred to as ''yūdansha'', or 'ones with dan'). A person's rank is represented by a number, and the names of each grade are a combination of the name of the number in Japanese and the appropriate suffix (''kyū'' or ''dan''). For ''kyū'' grades, this number goes down with each promotion, usually starting at sixth ''kyū'' (''rokkyū'') and ending at first ''kyū'' (''ikkyū''). For ''dan'' grades, the number goes up with each promotion, starting at first ''dan'' (''shodan'') and ending at tenth ''dan'' (''judan'').〔''Shodan'' literally means 'beginning' grade in Japanese, but is commonly translated as 'first'.〕 Grades are also differentiated by belt colour. Kano originally adopted white and black belts in 1886 to mark the distinction between ''kyū'' and ''dan'' grades, and red and white and solid red belts were later introduced to distinguish judoka who were sixth ''dan'' and higher (collectively referred to as ''kōdansha'', or 'ones with high dan'). Coloured belts for ''kyū'' grades were first introduced by Mikinosuke Kawaishi in France in 1935 because he felt that European students would progress more quickly if they received visible recognition of their achievements.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://judoinfo.com/obi.htm )〕
In Canada there are six ''kyū'' grades for seniors (people 16 years of age or older), eleven ''kyū'' grades for juniors (people under the age of 16), and ten ''dan'' grades that are restricted to seniors. Both senior and junior students begin as white belts (''rokkyū'') and progress with promotion through yellow, orange, green, and blue, to brown belt (''ikkyū''). Half-grades for juniors were introduced in 2010 and are represented by belts that combine the colours of the previous grade and the next grade (a white and yellow belt, for example, represents a half-grade between ''rokkyū'' and ''gokyū'', which the grading syllabus calls "6th+ ''kyū''"). The first five ''dan'' grades (''shodan'' to ''godan'') are represented by a black belt. Judoka ranked sixth to eighth ''dan'' may wear a red and white belt, and those ranked ninth or tenth ''dan'' may wear a solid red belt, but this is not required and the black belt remains the standard for all ''dan'' grades. In the past women's belts would include a white stripe in the centre of the length of the belt to differentiate them from men, but this is much less common now.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.judocanada.org/system/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/National-Kyu-Grading.pdf )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.judocanada.org/system/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/National-Grading-Syllabus.pdf )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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